Entry 1 sense Webster, 1913 bolshevism · IPA /ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/ 01 n. a form of communism based on the writings of Marx and Lenin. 1. a form of communism based on the writings of Marx and Lenin. Syn. collectivism, Marxism-Leninism, Leninism, Marxism, Sovietism, sovietism.