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1.
a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government; -- opposed to democracy and liberalism.
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2.
an authoritarian system of government under absolute control of a single dictator, allowing no political opposition, forcibly suppressing dissent, and rigidly controlling most industrial and economic activities. Such regimes usually try to achieve popularity by a strongly nationalistic appeal, often mixed with racism.
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3.
Specifically, the Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini in Italy from 1922 to 1943.
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4.
broadly, a tendency toward or support of a strongly authoritarian or dictatorial control of government or other organizations; -- often used pejoratively in this sense.